航天飞机三维最优再入轨道及气动加热过程

本文应用现代控制理论研究了航天飞行器三维最优再入轨道和与轨道参数密切相关的气动加热过程。文中选择飞行器迎角和倾斜角作为控制变量,以飞行器气动加热率和飞行过载沿轨道积分最小作为优化性能指标,按极大原理导出最优再入轨道有约束控制的非线性两点边值问题。采用了数值优化方法——共轭梯度法求解有升力飞行器的最优再入轨道及其热过程。文中以允许误差法讨论了权系数和罚函数的选取方法;对不同速度范围研究了不同的加热模型;按热平衡方程与优化轨道同步迭代的方法求得了算例数值结果。算例的数值结果与文献[13]的量值是一致的。     

光纤功率量值溯源方法研究

在分析光辐射功率测量方法的基础上，提出了建立能溯源到低温辐射计的光纤功率测量标准的方法。     

Dissipation of magnetic fields in active galactic nuclei

A model for the emission processes causing rapid variability (less than one day) in active galactic nuclei is developed. Relativistic electron beams escape from reconnection sheets in coronae of accretion disks and excite plasma turbulence with a typical frequency , which depends on the electron number densityn (see also the contribution by R. van Oss). The finite lengths of different beams emerging from different reconnection sheets allows that the waves arecoherently scattered to frequencies ²_pe. For Lorentz factors 10³ and densities typical for disk coronaen10⁶ cm ^–3 (derived from iron line observations) one easily reaches the optical, frequency range. The time scale of the variability is then caused by the relaxation of the electron beams. Likewise, this model explains the very rapid variability in the X-ray (less than 10 minutes) by changing the parameters slightly. According to this scenario the higher the variable frequency is, the closer to the central black hole it should originate.     

Langmuir Turbulence and Solar Radio Bursts

Langmuir waves and turbulence resulting from an electron beam-plasma instability play a fundamental role in the generation of solar radio bursts. We report recent theoretical advances in nonlinear dynamics of Langmuir waves. First, starting from the generalized Zakharov equations, we study the parametric excitation of solar radio bursts at the fundamental plasma frequency driven by a pair of oppositely propagating Langmuir waves with different wave amplitudes. Next, we briefly discuss the emergence of chaos in the Zakharov equations. We point out that chaos can lead to turbulence in the source regions of solar radio emissions. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

空间环境下的有机热控涂层

本文综述了国外在空间有机热控涂层领域中的研究工作和试验，着重分析了空间极端环境中紫外光辐照和原子氧侵蚀这两大因素对有机热控涂层的影响。     

Type II Solar Radio Bursts: Theory and Space Weather Implications

Recent data and theory for type II solar radio bursts are reviewed, focusing on a recent analytic quantitative theory for interplanetary type II bursts. The theory addresses electron reflection and acceleration at the type II shock, formation of electron beams in the foreshock, and generation of Langmuir waves and the type II radiation there. The theory's predictions as functions of the shock and plasma parameters are summarized and discussed in terms of space weather events. The theory is consistent with available data, has explanations for radio-loud/quiet coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and why type IIs are bursty, and can account for empirical correlations between type IIs, CMEs, and interplanetary disturbances. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

High-Frequency Radio Signatures of Solar Eruptive Flares

Several examples of the radio emission of eruptive solar flares with high-frequency slowly drifting structures and type II bursts are presented. Relationships of these radio bursts with eruptive phenomena such as soft X-ray plasmoid ejection and shock formation are shown. Possible underlying physical processes are discussed in the framework of the plasmoid ejection model of eruptive solar flares. On the other hand, it is shown that these radio bursts can be considered as radio signatures of eruptive solar flares and thus used for the prediction of heliospheric effects. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

航天器空间辐射防护材料与防护结构

电子、质子、重离子、光子等空间辐射环境可在航天器材料或元器件中产生单粒子效应、总剂量效应、表面充放电效应、位移损伤效应、内带电效应等,因此,需要对航天器进行空间辐射防护。本文首先介绍空间辐射防护原理和防护有效性,进而从材料、分系统(或部组件)、航天器3个不同维度,对质量屏蔽防护材料、静电防护材料、抗辐射功能材料、航天器局部辐射防护结构和整星辐射防护结构进行了探讨,最后对未来发展的方向进行了讨论。     

高焓风洞中钝体近尾流红外辐射测试技术

介绍在JF-10氢氧爆轰驱动高焓激波风洞中开展再人流场红外辐射测量的实验技术。风洞试验状态的驻室总压为19．6MPa，驻室总温为7920K。实验以球头钝锥体为试验模型，测量其近尾流红外辐射能量通量的横向分布。测量采用插入式锑化铟多元红外成像系统，波段范围为2．27-6．0μm。试验数据呈现明显的规律性。试验结果表明：利用这一测量技术能够提供高焓条件下有较高空间分辨率的、较为准确的红外实验数据。